资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
按照“乙类乙管”要求救治病人****** 国务院联防联控机制1月9日就第十版诊疗方案有关情况举行发布会,国家卫健委医疗应急司司长郭燕红表示,诊疗方案是指导临床医务人员对新冠病毒感染者进行诊断治疗的专业性和技术性规范,确保临床治疗的同质化水平,保证诊疗效果。第十版诊疗方案的核心理念就是对新冠病毒感染按照常规“乙类乙管”的传染病管理方式进行病人管理和救治。 临床救治强化关口前移 第十版诊疗方案颁布实施以后,引起了社会广泛关注。对此,郭燕红介绍,第十版诊疗方案主要对以下内容进行了调整:一是在收治措施方面,不再要求病例进行集中隔离治疗。新冠病毒感染者可以根据病情需要,选择居家治疗或者到医疗机构就诊,各级各类医疗机构都可以接诊新冠病毒感染的患者。二是在出院标准方面,不再要求对核酸进行检测。临床医生可以根据患者的疾病诊治要求,特别是基础病情况和临床症状等,对其进行综合研判后决定是否出院。 “在临床救治方面,一是强化关口前移,对于轻症病例也要早期介入,特别是对一些高龄、合并基础性疾病的患者,更要加强关口前移措施的应用。二是进一步规范重症患者的诊疗,完善了相关预警指标。三是坚持中西医结合。四是强化了新冠病毒感染与基础性疾病共治的理念。”郭燕红介绍,在诊断标准上,将新冠病毒的抗原检测阳性纳入诊断标准,主要考虑是抗原检测对病毒载量高的感染者有非常好的检测灵敏度。同时,抗原检测非常方便,简单易行,方便感染者在家里进行自测。 郭燕红特别提醒,从感染者的角度,即便不做核酸,出院以后也要注意做好个人防护,居家观察,以不参加社会面活动为妥。 进一步优化“临床分型” 第十版诊疗方案中取消了普通型,增加了中型,为何做出这样的改变?郭燕红指出,从疾病的临床表现来看,普通型一般是代表了疾病最常见、典型的表现。目前流行的奥密克戎变异株,病毒的致病力逐渐减弱,而且疾病的临床特点也发生了比较明显的变化。大多数感染者是上呼吸道感染,发生肺炎的比例大幅度降低。因此取消了普通型,增加了中型。 她介绍,中型的定义是持续高热大于3天,在静息状态下吸空气的指氧饱和度要大于93%,影像学可见特征性的新冠病毒感染肺炎表现,但是它比重型,也就是氧饱和度小于93%的程度要轻。 第十版诊疗方案规定,根据感染者病情的严重程度,分为轻型、中型、重型和危重型。“这样更加符合临床实际,有利于医务人员对患者的病情进行综合研判,并给予综合的治疗措施。”郭燕红表示。 那么,对新冠病毒治疗的重症病例如何分类呢?北京大学第一医院感染疾病科主任王贵强介绍,第十版诊疗方案明确,将新冠病毒感染的重症病例定义为由新冠病毒感染导致的肺炎为主要表现的重症病例;基础病加重、诱发基础病等,作为基础病或其他疾病导致的重症病例。 王贵强表示,针对新冠病毒感染肺炎导致的重症,强调呼吸支持,包括早期的氧疗、俯卧位、气道管理等。同时,重视非呼吸衰竭导致的重症病例,包括基础病的综合救治。 中医治疗对重型、危重型增加随症用药方法 “对新冠病毒感染实施‘乙类乙管’后,中医治疗部分也按照这个要求进行了调整。”国家中医药管理局医政司司长贾忠武指出,一是保持了延续性。当前新冠病毒感染的中医的核心病机并没有发生变化,仍属于中医“疫”病,因此保留了九版方案经过临床检验行之有效的主要内容。二是体现了针对性。当前新冠病毒感染患者多数表现为上呼吸道感染,部分患者有肺部感染的症状,一些恢复期的患者有咳嗽症状比较明显的特点,对此,方案分别增加了“疫毒束表证”“阳气虚衰,疫毒侵肺证”“寒饮郁肺证”内容,以更好地满足临床救治的需求。三是增强了实用性。重型、危重型部分增加了随症用药方法,这在九版方案中是没有的,总结出多种临床常见的症状并提出了具体方药,方便临床医生特别是非中医专业的临床医生参考使用。 针对一些公众反映核酸以及抗原转阴以后仍然有遗留症状的情况,北京中医医院院长刘清泉介绍,第十版方案非常关注核酸转阴后康复的治疗,根据奥密克戎变异株的临床特征,提出了三种状态的治疗方案:一种是针对感染后出现的乏力,同时又伴有脾胃虚弱,中药推荐用经典的六君子汤来治疗;第二种是乏力的情况下,同时容易出汗、心慌、胸闷,推荐沙参麦门冬汤、竹叶石膏汤进行治疗,能很好地缓解症状;第三种是针对咳嗽、痰少、嗓子不舒服,甚至有堵塞的感觉,推荐射干麻黄汤作为代表方进行治疗。此外,还可采用针灸以及推拿的治疗方法。(记者 金振娅) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() ![]() 网信彩票地图 |